High Quantity of Melatonin Identified in Cherries

The University of Texas Health Science Center recently began to quantify the availability and activity of the melatonin in cherry products. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant for which there is extensive evidence showing it to be significant in improving the body’s circadian rhythms and natural sleep patterns.

In their preliminary work, Dr. Russel Reiter and Dr. Dun-xian Tan used radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) to identify substantial levels of melatonin in tart cherry juice concentrate. The amount of melatonin found, says Dr. Reiter, “is extremely significant.” Although melatonin is found in the body in extremely small quantities, slight increases in melatonin levels can produce very positive results.

Researchers are now working to determine the amount of active melatonin available to the human body after the consumption of tart cherry juice or other cherry products. Once identified, researchers will be able to calculate the optimum level of cherries that should be consumed to achieve the greatest health benefit. Dr. Reiter points out, “as we age, the human body’s ability to produce melatonin decreases,” so it may be beneficial to find a way to increase melatonin levels, particularly for the elderly. Including cherries as part of a healthy diet could be a way to do this.

Orchard of Health – Cherry Library

Fresh Northwest Cherry Salsa
Makes 4 servings, each serving equals one 5 A Day serving.
Source: Produce for Better Health

Ingredients

2 cups pitted fresh or frozen sweet cherries
1/3 cup Basil, fresh, chopped
1/3 cup Green peppers, finely chopped
2 tsp Lemon juice
½ tsp Each of: Worcestershire sauce and grated lemon peel
¼ tsp Salt
Dash of bottled hot pepper sauce

Chop cherries in food processor or manually. Combine all ingredients; mix well. Refrigerate at least 1 hour.

Nutritional Analysis: Calories 124, Total Fat 0g, Calories from Fat 2%, Protein 0g, Cholesterol 0mg, Fiber 5g, Sodium 168 mg. 

Grilled Salmon Cherry Sauce
Makes 6 servings, each servings equals one 5 A Day serving.
Source: Northwest Cherry Growers

Ingredients

3 cups pitted Northwest fresh sweet cherries
½ cup water
½ cup dry white wine
¼ cup chopped onion
1 clove garlic, finely chopped
2 Tbsp honey
2 Tbsp fresh lemon juice
1 tsp freshly grated lemon peel
½ tsp salt
¼ tsp crushed red pepper flakes

In large saucepan, combine all ingredients; bring to a boil over medium-high hear. Reduce heat and simmer, uncovered, 30 minutes or until mixture thickens, stirring frequently. Great served over grilled salmon.

Nutritional Analysis: Calories 172, Toall Fat 1g, Calories from Fat 5%, Carbohydrates 36g, Cholesterol 0mg, Fiber 4g, Sodium 370mg, Protein 2g. 

Cherry and Smoked Turkey Salad
Makes 4 servings, each serving equals two 5 A Day servings.
Source: Northwest Cherry Growers

Ingredients 

12 ounces smoked turkey, sliced
2 cups Northwest fresh sweet cherries, pitted
1 mango,* pared and sliced
1 kiwi fruit, sliced
1 cup Napa cabbage, shredded
Spicy Dressing

Arrange turkey, cherries, mango and kiwi fruit on shredded Napa cabbage. Drizzle Spicy Dressing over salad.

Spicy Dressing: Heat 2 tablespoons vegetable oil and 1 clove crushed garlic until hot but not smoking; cool and remove garlic. Add 2 tablespoons balsamic or red wine vinegar and 1 tablespoon each honey and hot dry mustard** and ½ tsp each ground ginger and salt; mix well. Makes about 1/3 cup.

*One large nectarine may be substituted for mango.
**One tablespoon of your favorite mustard may be substituted.

Nutritional Analysis: Calories 292, Total Fat 7g, Calories from Fat 20%, Carbohydrates 42g, Protein 19g, Cholesterol 49mg, Fiber 4g, Sodium 668mg.

Cherry Pepper Salad
Makes 4 servings, each serving equals three 5 A Day servings.
Source: Northwest Cherry Growers

Ingredients

1 cup Northwest fresh sweet cherries, pitted
1 cup each thinly sliced sweet yellow and green peppers
¼ cup thinly sliced mild chili pepper
2 Tbsp finely chopped onion
2 Tbsp white wine vinegar
1 Tbsp olive oil
1 tsp sugar
salt and pepper to taste
1 Tbsp pickled ginger strips, optional
4 cups mixed greens

Toss together all ingredients except greens; refrigerate 1 hour or longer. Serve on mixed greens.

Nutritional Analysis: Calories 127, Total Fat 4g, Calories from Fat 27%, Carbohydrates 0g, Protein 3g, Cholesterol 0mg, Sodium 541mg.

Southwestern Style Cherry Slaw
Makes 6 servings, each serving equals four 5 A Day servings.
Source: Northwest Cherry Growers.

Ingredients

Slaw:
4 cups shredded green cabbage
3 cups sweet cherries, pitted and halved
2 cups torn fresh spinach leaves
1 cup shredded jicama
1 cup shredded carrot
½ cup snipped fresh cilantro
½ cup diced red onion

Dressing:
2 Tbsp olive oil
2 Tbsp fresh lime juice
2 Tbsp frozen lime juice concentrate, thawed
1 jalapeno pepper, seeded and minced
½ tsp lime zest
¼ tsp each chili powder, ground cumin and salt

In large serving bowl, combine ingredients for Slaw. In small saucepan, combine Dressing ingredients; heat to boil. Pour over salad and toss gently to coat.

Nutritional Analysis: Calories 158, Total Fat 6g, Calories from Fat 29%, Carbohydrates 27g, Protein 6g, Cholesterol 0mg, Sodium 126mg.

New Research Shows the Power of Cherries

Recently published research conducted at Michigan State University (1) investigated a range of fruits and berries for the level and activity of anthocyanins found in each.

Researchers analyzed the ability of the fruits to help maintain a healthy body and act as antioxidants to destroy free radicals. The researchers then quantified the anthocyanin levels of tart and sweet cherries, raspberries, strawberries, blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, elderberries and bilberries.

Researchers discovered that the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from cherries was superior to vitamin E at a test concentration of 125 g/ml.

Anthocyanins 1 and 2 are present in both cherries and raspberries. The yields of pure anthocyanins 1 and 2 in 100 g in cherries and raspberries were the highest of the fruits tested at 26.5 and 24 mg, respectively. Fresh blackberries and strawberries contained only anthocyanin 2 at a total level of 22.5 and 18.2 mg/100 g, respectively; whereas anthocyanins 1 and 2 were not found in bilberries, blueberries, cranberries or elderberries.

Orchard of Health – Cherry Juice Library

Tart Cherry Juice Concentrate is packed with antioxidants including anthocyanins and melatonin.

This tiny, ruby red fruit is packed with Vitamin A, C, E, calcium, Melatonin and potassium. All of these antioxidants found in the tart cherry.

Research indicates cherries may help maintain healthy joint function and supports a healthy cardiovascular system.

A convenient way of getting the amazing health benefits of the tart cherry is to enjoy a glass of tart cherry juice every day.

Tart Cherry Juice Concentrate Facts: According to cherry industry experts it takes the juice of approximately 100 tart cherries to make just one ounce of tart cherry juice concentrate.

Learn how to mix tart cherry juice concentrate to make a refreshing glass of tart cherry juice.

Cherries: The Healthy Fruit

The good news about the health benefits of cherries continues to increase. According to ongoing research, Montmorency tart cherries are a rich source of antioxidants. In addition, there are beneficial compounds in Montmorency tart cherries that may help maintain healthy joint function.

Other fruits and vegetable do not have the unique anthocyanin and antioxidant makeup similar to those of tart cherries.

While the research on the exact mechanisms that give cherries their unique ability to maintain healthy joint function, many consumers are discovering that tart cherry juice and other cherry products can help maintain an active lifestyle.

Research also shows that tart cherries are a rich source of powerful antioxidants, including kaempferol, quercetin and melatonin. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant considered more potent that vitamins C, E, and A, because it is soluble both in fat and water.

The “Dean of Melatonin Research” Gives Tart Cherries High Marks

Dr. Russel Reiter never envisioned that he’d become a hero to U. S. tart cherry growers, but then again, he never imagined that melatonin, the simple, natural hormone he’d been studying for years would be found in such significant quantities in tart cherries.

“We were surprised at how much melatonin was in cherries, specifically the Montmorency variety,” says Reiter. The only other fruits that have been examined to date are bananas and pineapples, and both have comparatively low melatonin levels. “Cherry juice concentrate, which involves greatly reducing the water content, has ten times the melatonin of the raw fruit.” (1)

Produced in the pineal gland at the base of the brain, melatonin controls sleepiness at night, wakefulness in daytime and functions as an antioxidant to help the body destroy free radicals.(2) Recent research conducted by Dr. Reiter at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, Texas, quantified the availability and activity of melatonin found in cherry products. The results were astonishing. Cherries contain an extremely significant quantity of melatonin, enough to produce positive results in the body.

Montmorency cherries, which account for the majority of tart cherries produced in the United States, contain up to 13.5 nanograms (ng) of melatonin per gram of cherries, more than is normally found in the blood.(3)

Dr. Russel Reiter began his distinguished career more than 30 years ago in neuroendocrinology, the study of the glands and hormones of the brain. A year earlier, in 1958, a dermatologist named Aaron Lerner at Yale University discovered the existence of melatonin. (4) Today, Dr. Reiter is the preeminent scientist on melatonin and the advantageous effects it has on human health and well-being. Dr. Reiter has authored or co-authored more than 700 papers in his field, trained over 130 doctorates, and is the author of the book Melatonin, published by Bantam Books. His peers consider him the “dean of melatonin research”.

One of the main areas on which Dr. Reiter focused in his recent work addresses a common consumer concern, which is, “will the melatonin present in cherries actually increase melatonin levels in the body favorably?” Melatonin is by far the most potent of the antioxidants, much more so than vitamins C, E and A. The reason: melatonin is soluble both in fat and water and can therefore enter some cells that vitamins cannot. For example, vitamin E is soluble in the lipid part of the cell only and vitamin C in the aqueous part. Melatonin is soluble in both. For this reason, Dr. Reiter says, eating cherries with high melatonin concentrations will increase the antioxidant capacity in the body.

Although melatonin is available as a supplement and can be purchased without a prescription, Dr. Reiter and other health experts extol the benefits of consuming melatonin through food consumption. Not only do many foods provide beneficial antioxidants and similar compounds, they are often found in foods that provide a variety of health benefits. Cherries may, one day, be classified as a functional food, but they also offer consumers great flavor, versatility and nutrition.

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References:
(1) Echlin, Bill. 2001 “Dr. Cherry” has growers on the mend. Traverse City Record-Eagle. July 15, p.2B
(2) National Sleep foundation. 2001 Melatonin: The Facts. Washington, DC.
(3) Burkhardt, Tan, et al, Detection and Quantification of Antioxidant Melatonin in Montmorency Tart Cherries. Journal of American Chemical Society 49, 4898-4902.
(4) Redman, J., e al, Science, 1983, 219, 1089-91.

Orchard of Health – Cherry Library

Cherries are packed with antioxidants including anthocyanins and melatonin. Research indicates cherries may help maintain healthy joint function and supports a healthy cardiovascular system.

Cherry Facts: Michigan grows the majority of the tart cherries (70-75% of the total annual crop) in the United States. Most of the cherry farms are within the Traverse Bay region of Michigan.

Cherries and a healthy cardiovascular system

Cherries are packed with powerful health-promoting properties. Research indicates tart cherries contain at least 17 natural compounds including beta carotene, vitamin A, Melatonin and phenol compounds known as flavonoids.

Studies suggest flavonoids help promote cardiovascular health. Some of the specific flavonoids in cherries include anthocyanins, proanthocyanins and anthocyanidins. Anthocyanins are naturally occurring compounds that give fruits, vegetables and plants their vibrant color. Tart cherries are a good source of these vital flavonoids.

Brunswick Labs located in Wareham, MA discovered that tart cherries also contain a class of compounds called SOD (super oxide dismutase), which act as super scavengers of dangerous free radicals throughout the body. Very few foods contain SOD and the human body is often lacking in SOD.